template/coldwater/fastIO

namespace fastIO{
	#define BUF_SIZE (100000)
	bool IOerror = 0;
	inline char nc(){
		static char buf[BUF_SIZE], *p1 = buf + BUF_SIZE, *pend = p1;
		if(p1 == pend){
			p1 = buf;
			pend = buf + fread(buf, 1, BUF_SIZE, stdin);
			if(pend == p1){
				IOerror = 1;
				return -1;
			}
		}
		return *p1 ++;
	}
	
	inline bool blank(char ch){
		return ch == ' ' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t';
	}
	
	inline void read(int &x){
		char ch;
		int f = 1;
		while(blank(ch = nc()) || ch == '-') if(ch == '-') f = -1;
		if(IOerror) return;
		for(x = ch - '0'; (ch = nc()) >= '0' && ch <= '9'; x = x * 10 + ch - '0');
		x *= f;
	}
	#undef BUF_SIZE
};

using namespace fastIO;